According to the wikipedia, a refrigerator magnet (fridge magnet) is an ornament attached to a magnet that is used to post items such as shopping lists or report cards on a refrigerator, or simply as decoration. Refrigerator magnets come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, including for example, images die-cut to a specific shape or tiny plastic sculptures of fruits. Refrigerator magnets are a relatively popular object of collectors.
The first refrigerator magnet patent was obtained by William Zimmerman of St. Louis, Missouri, in the early 1970s.[citation needed] Zimmerman patented the idea of small, colored, cartoon magnets to be used for decorative display and convenience.
Magnetic polarization
Unlike most conventional magnets that have distinct north and south poles, flat refrigerator magnets made from composite materials are often constructed with alternating north and south poles on the same surface of the plane; this can be felt by taking two similar (or identical) refrigerator magnets and sliding them against each other with the "magnetic" sides facing each other: the magnets will alternately repel and attract as they are moved a few millimeters. This construction is more effective at keeping the large planar magnet uniformly stuck onto the steel refrigerator than a uniformly- polarized magnet would be. The technical term for this arrangement is Halbach array.
Special purpose refrigerator magnets
Sets containing magnets in the shape of the letters of the alphabet have been manufactured since at least the 1970s, and marketed as an educational production for young children. In the 1990s, sets of very small magnets printed with individual words became popular; these sets are used to create impromptu magnetic poetry. Relatively strong magnets with hooks are produced for the purpose of hanging oven mitts or keys. Magnets that serve as a picture frame are also fairly common. Magnets with notepads or dry erase boards are occasionally produced.
Memomagnetica
Memomagnetica - collecting fridge magnets. The term is derived of two words: "memoriale" (lat.) and "magnetis" (gr.). The idea of creating this term belongs to Dmitri Balashov Moscow, Russia.
There are many websites that offer these Fridge Magnets to sell such as these:
